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luminación en el acuario

Iluminación para el acuario

La luz juega un papel muy importante si queremos tener un acuario plantado o para evitar algas, en este tema explicaremos todo al respecto.

Al final del tema encontrarán un video explicativo al respecto.

 

Conceptos básicos

Fotosíntesis: 

Es la transformación de energía luminosa en energía química para nutrir organismos vivos llamados fotoautótrofos.

Para la fotosíntesis es necesario dióxido de carbono y agua, una fuente de energía lumínica.

De esta compleja reacción  resulta oxígeno y carbohidratos ricos en energía como la sucrosa, almidon y glucosa y .6H2O + 6CO > C6H12O6 + 6O2. ( 6 moléculas de agua +  6 moleculas de dióxido de carbono reaccionan y el resultado es 1 molécula de azúcar y 6 moléculas de oxígeno ).

 

Luz:

Los efectos de ella se ven alteradas al atravesar cierto espesor de de columna de agua y del tipo de iluminación que usemos,  así que si queremos iluminar de forma óptima debemos conocerla un poco más a fondo y sus formas de medir sus efectos.

Este conjunto cromático, denominado espectro de la luz blanca combina distintos colores que tienen distintos efectos y que unidos forman la luz blanca que vernos.

- Espectro electromagnético:  se denomina así a la distribución energética de un conjunto de ondas electromagnéticas.


- Ondas electromagnéticas: son aquellas que no necesitan un medio material para propagarse incluyen las que vemos en la luz visible y las de radio,  se propagan mediante oscilación de campos magnéticos y eléctricos.

 

Pero el espectro visible es una porción muy pequeña del espectro electromagnético.
Así se denomina al rango de todas las radiaciones electromagnéricas posibles.


Las ondas electromagnéticas de alta frecuencia tienen una longitud de onda corta y energía alta; las ondas de frecuencia baja tienen una longitud de onda larga y energía baja y se miden de acuerdo a la distancia que mide la honda.
Esos rangos o no pueden ser vistos en su totalidad por los seres humanos y como comente cada uno tiene efectos distintos.

 

Radiación electromagnética son ondas producidas por la oscilación o la aceleración de una carga eléctrica, genialmente se clasifica por la longitud de onda: ondas de radio, microondas, infrarroja y región visible, que percibimos como luz, rayos ultravioleta, rayos X y rayos gamma.
Las longitudes de onda van desde billonésimas de metro hasta muchos kilómetros.


La longitud de onda (λ) y la frecuencia (f) de las ondas electromagnéticas, relacionadas mediante la expresión λ•f = c, son importantes para determinar su energía, su visibilidad, su poder de penetración y otras características.

 

Así, estas ondas pueden atravesar el espacio interplanetario e interestelar y llegar a nuestro planeta desde el Sol y las estrellas. Independientemente de su frecuencia y longitud de onda, todas las ondas electromagnéticas se desplazan en el vacío a una velocidad c = 299.792  km/s.

El espectro visible es una porción muy pequeña del espectro electromagnético.
Y varía de acuerdo a la distancia para nuestra vista.
En la siguiente  fotografía:

Podemos observar cómo cambian la percepción de los colores en el agua.
La columna de agua varia nuestra visión .
El ojo humano engaña ya que ve más claros y luminosos los colores rojos y  los tonos azulados de los corales en el fondo del mar lo vemos más oscuros y menos brillantes.
En cambio en primer plano, presentan a nuestros ojos gran variedad de colores siendo capases de distinguir hasta los tonos amarillos mientras que los más vistos en la mayor cantidad de agua en segundo plano ,al fondo los vemos con tonalidades azules-verdosos.
Es decir de acuerdo a la distancia variarán los colores que nuestra vista puede disfrutar....

 

Una lámpara por ejemplo emite una radiación de energía y la llamamos luz las propiedades de esta radiación energética.

 

Propiedades de esta radiación energética ( tres ):

- Longitud de onda:   es la medida de distancia entre dos crestas de ondas, las ondas de radio por ejemplo, miden hasta 30 km. mientras que las ondas de radiación gamma pueden medir menos de 0.005 ‘A (Amstrong ) de longitud la unidad de medida es el nanómetro.
Qué es un nanómetro? (nm.):
Cualquier radiación de energía electromagnética, luz visible incluida, se puede concebir en forma de onda. La energía se mueve hacia adelante como una ola, y la distancia entre cada una de sus crestas es lo que se llama "longitud de onda" (wavelenght), que se referencia con la letra griega lambda (λ).

Las longitudes de onda que corresponden a la luz son bastante pequeñas en términos convencionales, en torno a los 0,0000005 metros (es decir: 10-6 metros).
Para mayor comodidad, usamos la medida del nanómetro (nm.), que mide una milmillonésima parte de un metro (10-9 metros). El sistema visual humano es sensible a las longitudes de onda situadas entre los 380 y los 780 nanómetros.

 

 

- Energía: 

Es la fuerza electromagnética de la longitud de onda, cuanto más corta es la longitud de onda, mas energía tiene, cuando más larga menos, las roja onda más larga- menos energía y luz. Onda corta más energía. La energía de la luz ultravioleta onda más corta aun con 253 nm , es tal que puede eliminar micro organismos y es usada como germicida de los acuarios, tanto la luz ultravioleta como la infrarroja delimitan el espectro de colores visibles a los ojos de los seres humanos.

 

- Intensidad: 

Es la particular emisión de luz por parte de una fuente lumínica, por ejemplo el sol, una lámpara incandescente, es decir su brilló y abundancia.

 

Características principales de una fuente lumínica

 

El comportamiento de una luz artificial cuando penetra el agua depende de de estos tres factores ya mencionados, si se requiere de estas características para nuestro acuario, debemos de ver las características de las lámparas a colocar en nuestro acuario.

 

1. Lo primero que veamos la temperatura de color de luz, las lámparas tienen una unidad de medida , Grados kelvin (‘k) en la iluminación es la temperatura expresada en grados kelvin, a la que hay que calentar un cuerpo negro y opaco , para que emita luz por incandescencia, como un color determinado expresa un color, o lo que es lo mismo un espectro de luz.

Definimos como luz fría a la que vemos con cierta tonalidad azul-verdosa con mas grados kelvin, mientras que la luz cálida tiene una tonalidad amarilla rojiza o con menos grados kelvin.

 

2. Consideramos el factor RDA o IRC (índice de reproducción cromática) se puede definir como la capacidad de que tiene para reproducir los colores reflejados en un objeto, con respecto a los reflejados con la luz solar.

Por ejemplo si vemos una rosa bajo la luz del sol, cuanto más se parezca a este color visto por esta flor iluminada con una fuente de luz artificial, tiene más factor IRC tiene esta lámpara,(es decir lo más parecido a la luz solar ) .

El valor va del 0 al 100 esto es la luz del sol a medio día en condiciones ideales.

 

3. Tenemos a considerar la cantidad de luz que es emitida por una fuente 
Lumen; 
Es la cantidad de luz emitida por una vela si un proyector tiene 10000 lúmenes imaginamos todas las concentradas en un mismo punto 
Una bombilla incandescente de 100 vatios emite aproximadamente 1000 lúmenes, mientras que una lámpara de vapor de sodio de la misma potencia emite alrededor de 15.000 lúmenes, unas quince veces más, pudiendo llegar a emitir hasta 20 veces más que una lámpara de incandescencia, dependiendo del tipo de lámpara.

E allí que cada tipo de lámpara emite diferente potencia lumínica de qué tipo de lámpara escogeremos con que temperatura de color.

 

Algunos ejemplos aproximados de temperatura de color:
1700 K: Luz de una cerilla
1850 K: Luz de vela
2800 K: Luz incandescente o de tungsteno (iluminación doméstica convencional)
3200 K: tungsteno (iluminación profesional)
5500 K: Luz de día, flash electrónico (aproximado)
5770 K: Temperatura de color de la luz del sol pura
6420 K: Lámpara de Xenón
9300 K: Pantalla de televisión convencional (CRT)

28000 - 30000 K: Relámpago

 

Ademas debemos tomar en cuenta la ( Photosynthetically Available Radiation ) Radiación fotosintéticamente disponible.

La razón de expresar PAR con un número de fotones (PPFD) en vez de energía es porque la reacción fotosintética sucedee cuando una planta absorbe el fotón, sin importar la longitud de onda del fotón, siempre y cuando este entre los 400nm y 700nm.

Es decir, si una planta absorbe un número dado de fotones azules, la cantidad de fotosíntesis que  haga será  la misma que si absorbe la misma cantidad de fotones rojos.

Pero debemos tomar en cuenta que cada coral o planta puede preferir absorber fotones de un espectro en particular.

 

Les comparto un vídeo que hizo al respecto el amigo de Colombia Rodolfo Jaraba.

 

Este tema continúa en el siguiente artículo: Tipos de luces para acuarios

Autor: Manuel Espimoza - Mexico

Editor: Mariano Ariel Rodríguez. -  Argentina- Chaco

Inscribe tu Email para recibir temas nuevos y novedades!!

 
 

2 votos. Media 3.00 de 5.

Comentarios (5)

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Focus on lifting whereas the app does all the thinking.
If I use 5x5 sets it will lead to 10 units
per week for squat and 5 sets per week for benchpress.

I feel like the difficulty is a narrowly outlined view of "progress",
in that it appears we’re defining it as a 1rm.
For example, even if a newbie solely has access to a barbell—which is perfectly fine—there are higher lifts.
Drop units are fantastic for assistance work like
curls. But there are not any drop sets on the principle, free weight, compound
workouts of Stronglifts 5×5. We use straight units or top/back-off sets
for these lifts. And so you don’t want 5min relaxation for
these units.
Simply watch out you don’t end with chicken legs from focusing too
much on the upper physique. That’s all I meant after I said the development scheme of
SS is extra aggressive than 5/3/1. This is why I don’t perceive statements that measure fee of
progress with regard to either program. I have zero interest in discussing the merits of either program (I feel my thoughts on that have
already been made). The overwhelming majority of people attempting to do SS after which reporting all the issues they’re having with it
by no means really read the book. At face worth this appears actually silly to me,
but isn’t too stunning I guess. They by no means read the
guide, they don’t perceive the context or rules of the program, so they’re unable to appropriate points as they occur.

Workout A and C are larger in quantity than exercise B.

Notice that Madcow 5×5 has a higher rep again off set every
exercise C. Madcow 5×5 is excessive frequency for every muscle
but biceps. If you suppose your biceps wants more, add help work.

Madcow 5×5 is high to medium frequency for Squat, Bench and Row.

It’s low frequency for Deadlifts only (not an issue, see fable #2).

The weight on the bar is going to get relatively lighter and lighter.
Which isn't optimal if the aim is increased energy. Beginning
Energy and Greyskull LP are the most effective
linear progressions in my view (and they’re very similar).

Neither actually uses a 5x5 set/rep scheme so technically may not
be thought of a "5x5" program, aside from the general emphasis on sets
of 5. (And when you do 2 warmups of 5 reps after
which 3x5 work units, that’s 5x5). I followed the programs recommendation and
began with just the bar on every little thing.
This is tough on the ego but good as a end result of these lifts need to be discovered with minimal weight or it’ll suck down the street.

To sustain this for as lengthy as possible you should be in a calorie surplus, ideally of
a minimum of 300kcal per day. You’ll know exactly how long to rest between sets
for optimum progress. If you fail reps, we’ll inform you to rest longer.
If you succeed, we’ll give you a shorter break. And if you prefer to
set your own relaxation occasions, you are in a position to do so from Stronglifts – settings – timer (we even help completely different relaxation intervals for various
exercises).
One Other side to contemplate is your ability to observe the program
as really helpful. Rippetoe suggests reducing the weight by 8 to 10% after which trying to extend it again if you
cannot complete the prescribed variety of sets and
reps. Training for power is totally different than coaching for size.

That’s why you’ll usually see applications using 5 units of
5 repetitions, 4 sets of 8 repetitions, or three units
of 12 repetitions. The lower the rep vary, the more sets we have to do, no less than to a point.
When we’re attempting to stimulate muscle progress, we often want to work as a lot as
doing 4–8 sets per muscle per exercise,
and then training our muscles 2–3 times per week.
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In a dusty, windowless fitness center, he picks up a barbell, loaded, the chyron says,
to a hundred kilos — his body weight. The lifter, named
Clarence Kennedy, rips it off the ground, onto his clavicles, then all above
his head for a second or two, before it drops. "While there, I learned about veganism from a bunch of hardcore punks I worked with at my school radio station. Till that point, it hadn’t occurred to me that the dairy industry was simply as vile, if no more vile than the meat business. I wanted to maneuver in course of veganism even then, but what held me again was a way of guilt in making relations and associates go out of their approach to cater to my life-style. "My motivation to go vegetarian was based mostly
purely on not wanting to kill animals.
Okay, well, I suppose persons are going to really like this as a outcome of
that was all very relatable and simple. Anytime I go on Instagram, everyone simply has the fanciest meals, and they’re, like, consuming every single
day, and I’m like, oh, that is, like, insane. And then dinner,
it was berea makes protein pasta, which is cool as a end result of they
use pea protein isolate as an alternative of the rest. And so it’s
just like regular wheat durham pasta with some pea protein.
Whereas it's attainable to get these vitamins from
vegan sources or supplements, it requires cautious planning to ensure enough consumption. Vegan powerlifting is a growing development, with many elite athletes in energy sports activities adopting a plant-based
diet. This article will define the dietary requirements for a vegan powerlifter, including
info on protein sources, calorie consumption, and complement suggestions.
Nutritional habits affect performance immediately or not directly
in weight class included sports.
We were doing dog rescue, bully breed rescue. Vitamin labels often embody a
section for micronutrients, which are vitamins and minerals essential for
numerous bodily functions. Whereas it’s good to concentrate on these,
if you’re consuming a well-rounded diet wealthy in whole meals, you’re likely getting sufficient quantities of most micronutrients.

Trans fats are sometimes labeled as partially hydrogenated oils
and are recognized to increase the chance of heart disease.
They are created via a course of that makes liquid oils extra strong, which is widespread in processed
meals.
Her deadlift is over three times her bodyweight at 155kg.

It seems like vegans are becoming unstoppable in bodybuilding and powerlifting competitions.
The days of asking "where do you get your protein? " are going to be a factor of the previous if the likes of Sophia Ellis proceed to dominate the game.
Powerlifters who observe a vegan food regimen can profit from a
selection of protein sources, a lot of which are similar to those utilized
by other athletes.
They just like to speak hear themselves, and I think they’re just gonna rise out of
it. Truthfully, they love to hear individuals fight
back or no matter it's. So I all the time love your responses and the way you post
on social media, like, you’ll make enjoyable of vegans jokingly, oh, I would never
eat this rubbish.
Weight loss is about a calorie deficit, not
simply food classes. Overeating even the healthiest vegan foods—like avocados,
nuts, or complete grains—can still result in weight acquire.
It’s straightforward to imagine that something
labeled "vegan" is nice for you, however this isn’t all the time the case.
You can eat fries and drink vodka-coca cola and be vegan. Whereas the vegan aisle can have many be fun or convenient, tasty options - these aren’t all the time nice choices for athletes
and folk targeted on longevity. An glorious recovery
meal consists of a giant bowl of brown rice topped with steamed
broccoli and a beneficiant portion of roasted chickpeas.

Fischer’s exact tests had been calculated again to check the
dietary preferences between totally different groups. Results of this research showed that
lower income, weight category, decrease age and stage of education of male weightlifters negatively have an result on the performance.

Vegan powerlifting is a testament to the ability of plant-based vitamin. It
Is a growing motion that's challenging long-held beliefs about energy coaching
and demonstrating that reaching peak performance is feasible without counting on animal merchandise.

By embracing a vegan powerlifting lifestyle, you can expertise
unimaginable power positive aspects, improve your general health, and make a constructive impression on the
world.
© 2025 Plant Based Mostly Information is a mission-led influence media platform targeted on elevating the
plant-based food regimen and its benefit to human well being, the planet,
and animals.
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The best angle for concentrating on your decrease pecs is around 15 degrees below
parallel. You can perform these compound chest workout routines with minimal
equipment. A pair of dumbbells, a barbell, and even your physique weight is
adequate to engage in effective muscle-building exercises.
Lastly, you can even work on dumbbell deep push ups, which are nice
and promote a full vary of motion. You can alter
your body place to target different areas of your
chest too (i.e. place your toes up on a chair and you would possibly be hitting your upper chest like incline
bench presses).
This train shall be somewhat tougher than the standard dumbbell fly.
Be sure to make use of an acceptable weight and keep your elbows fastened all through and don’t overextend at the shoulder joint.
By rotating your arms barely in order that as you reach the highest, your palms are in an underhand
grip, you'll get a stronger contraction. As you lower again down,
you rotate your hands again so that they're facing each other like a traditional dumbbell fly in the course of the stretching section. Prepare to maximise your gains with our exclusive 12-week hypertrophy coaching program.

The incline dumbbell curl might look much like regular dumbbell curls,
however the incline of the bench is the key sauce that turns this exercise into a novel biceps blaster.

The dumbbell curl can be carried out standing or seated, whichever you prefer.

In addition, you can curl each dumbbells at the identical time or
alternate between sides. With the preacher curl,
regardless of the way you carry out it, it’s essential you use a manageable
weight. You need full management all through the movement and to curve the burden up utilizing bicep power alone.

If you needed to pick just one exercise for your biceps, the dumbbell curl
would be a fantastic choice. It is usually at or near the top of the listing of biceps exercise
selections for novices and advanced trainees alike.
It is equally effective for activating your biceps.1 Some folks
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generally a matter of preferences and comfort. To perceive why the record of the best biceps workouts appears like
it does, you should perceive how the muscle itself capabilities.

The mendacity band pullover is a superb different to
the barbell pullover or dumbbell pullover. Resistance bands are an inexpensive and versatile method to work, and
they're used to focus on all the main muscle groups
in your chest. If you’ve mastered common pushups and wish to target your muscular tissues somewhat in a unique way, Wide push-ups are an excellent possibility.

Nevertheless, it is very important take three precautions when performing dumbbell flyes.
Firstly, start with lighter weights and progressively increase the load as you
turn out to be extra snug and assured with the train. Secondly, maintain control all through the
motion and avoid excessive stretching or straining of the shoulder
joints. Lastly, you will want to listen to your body and modify the vary of movement
or weight as needed. Both men and women can safely and successfully carry
out dumbbell flyes by following these precautions and
utilizing correct approach. While barbells, dumbbells, and even machines could additionally be
your first alternative for building an even bigger chest, you can achieve impressive outcomes with bodyweight workout routines too.
Parallel dips are a challenging exercise that emphasizes your lower pecs.

One of our hottest programs, the Upper/Lower Physique Cut Up Program, can be
utterly free to trace in StrengthLog. Days two and four of this system each characteristic decrease physique workouts from this listing.

The gluteus medius and minimus abduct and internally rotate the thigh.
They also help stabilize your pelvis and trunk throughout any activity that includes lifting one leg, like when you’re out on a stroll.

As properly as being utilized by bodybuilders, the bench press can additionally be the second discipline contested in powerlifting competitions.
Whether Or Not you wish to construct powerful-looking pecs or unstoppable upper-body energy, the bench press might help.
Incline dumbbell press is designed to emphasise extra on the upper portion of the chest.
It is a compound movement that can assist the event of strength and hypertrophy of the higher chest,
shoulders, and triceps. The triceps, which covers the entire
back aspect of the upper arm, is involved in elbow extension — a secondary action within the bench press.

The pectoralis minor located beneath the pectoralis major, and the serratus anterior beneath the armpit, play roles in pulling the scapula forward to allow you to fully extend your arms
in entrance.
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Having sturdy muscles in the decrease back and hips helps with posture and general body strength, and so they can’t be ignored simply since you need a stomach pump.
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You higher imagine Group USA's roster is ready to throw
the kitchen sink. Deadlifts have at all times sat upon the
precipice between greatness and controversy. An undoubtedly primal transfer that may help you show brutal full-body power, pulling has presumably become
too in style in latest years — and you’ll discover plenty of reasons to not do the transfer in any respect.

With adjustable stride lengths and compact footprint, the 1280ef combines
one of the best of running and elliptical motion into a space-saving,
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hips, knees, and joints, so you'll have the
ability to concentrate on getting the most out of your workout.
It’s not onerous to create a good bodybuilding exercise program, however
it’s also not exhausting to create a bad one. Right Here are the most effective
plans for your chest, back, shoulders, arms, and legs. From a time-cost perspective, warming as a lot as,
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The lack of specificity, a short (or non-existent) eccentric section, and overspecialization can also make the deadlift a poorer option for hypertrophy.
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Fecha última actualización: 21/05/2020