Cianobacteria y fosfatos 2
Este tema es continuación del tema :
Fosfatos:
Concepto:
Dado que los Fosfatos son causantes de la Cianobacteria debemos anlizarlo.
Los fosfatos son parte del ADN, en vegetales se utiliza en la fotosíntesis, constituyen parte importante de las membranas celulares, etc.
Podríamos decir que los fosfatos están en todos lados.
En la naturaleza, los fosfatos se encuentran de manera orgánica (organofosfatos) cuando el PO4 forma parte de moléculas orgánicas, y de manera inorgánica mineralizada (ortofosfatos).
Los dos tipos de fosfatos pueden disolverse en el agua o existir como partículas, de manera precipitada o siendo absorbidas en el sustrato.
Solo los fosfatos que ya están ligados a una molécula orgánica, pueden ser utilizados por los animales (esto incluye a los peces…).
Además solo los ortofosfatos solubles están disponibles para ser utilizados por. vegetales.
Los test solo miden los fosfatos inorgánicos solubles.
En el acuario:
En el acuario algunos fosfatos de la comida son metabolizados y depositados con calcio en los huesos de los peces, dientes, escamas y mineralizados como fosfato de calcio.
En está forma orgánica el fosfato normalmente es insolubles ya que están dentro de el cuerpo del pez.
El problema viene sobre todo del alimento comercial de peces, este en si en su composición tiene harína de pescado la cual está echa con huesos de peces y traen el fosfato que contienen.
Los peces no pueden absorber fosfatos inorgánicos, ni siquiera en estado disuelto.
En este estado es utilizado por las bacterias, las algas y es absorbido y almacenado por las plantas.
Las plantas tienen esta habilidad de almacenarlos en su tejido teniendo reservas de fosfatos en ell acuario y de está forma este fosfato ya no está disponible para bacterias y algas.
Pero si puede ser extraído cuando los peces comen las plantas alli las bacterias de sus estómagos empiezan a trabajar.
Luego cuando los animales o plantas mueren, la descomposición bacteriana remineraliza estos fosfatos
Ingreso de fosfatos al acuario:
- Alimento comercial con hueso triturado.( peligro de sobrealimentar.
- Papillas : la licuadora rompe las celulas liberando el fosfato de alimentos.
Como extraerlos: poniendo la papilla o alimento comercial en agua y tirando luego esa agua pues contendrá los fosfatos disueltos.
- Agua de red : contiene fosfatos pues las compañías lo ponen para controlar corrosion de cañerías..
Una opción es tratar el agua con filtros RO, pero esto no asegura de que esta esté totalmente libre de fosfatos dependiendo del RO que se utilize.
La forma óptima, es tratar el agua además con un filtro DI (Resinas).
Claro que el agua antes de pasar por el la membrana y las resinas, deben pasar por pre filtros mecánicos para desechar materia que puedan dañar al RO o quitar eficiencia a las resinas.
Cuando medimos fosfatos en nuestro acuario, estamos midiendo los fosfatos inorgánicos o disueltos ya que solo miden este tipo de fosfato.
Por ello no miden fosfatos que están en plantas o peces y que pueden ser disueltos.
Reducción de fosfatos que se ingresa y factores a tomar en cuenta para eliminar la Cianobacteria:
- Usar Phosguard puede ayudar pero combinando otros métodos.
- Reducción a lo justo de alimentos comerciales y optar más por alimentos naturales pero no triturados o en papillas.
- Mantener filtros limpios.
- Optimizar sifoneo y limpieza.
- Tener buena luz asi las plantas absorben con la fotosíntesis la mayor parte de fosfatos posible.
- Revisar tubos viejos y cambiarlos, pues ya viejos su luz ya pasa a tener un espectro más rojo el cual beneficia a la Cianobacteria.
- La Cianobacteria es más activa de dia y al no haber luz muchos nutrientes vuelven al agua por lo que es conveniente extraerla al finalizar el día y no al comenzar.
- No usar antibióticos pues se vuelven más resistentes.
Eliminación de la Cianobacteria:
- El mejor metodo es reducir fosfatos que ingresan con los métodos descriptos y extraer la Cianobacteria manualmente.
- Además optimizar liberación de CO2 , también la circulación del agua del acuario si es necesario usando aireador desde el fondo, muchas veces los filtros mueven el agua desde la mitad de la columna de agua para arriba provocando estos pozos desoxigenados en el fondo.
Es decir es fundamental optimizar la circulación y oxigenación del agua del fondo del acuario.
- Estraer la Cianobacteria diariamente por la noche combinado todos los métodos acá tratados.
- En casos extremos de una invasion de Cianobacteria demasiado grande se puede hacer una limpieza total del fondo sacando el bioma acuatico, dejo un link donde explica el metodo para hacer una limpieza total del sustrato ( o cambio total del sutrato ) sin perder el ciclado.
Limpieza total del sustrato ( o cambio total del sutrato ) sin perder el ciclado
Bueno amigos esperamos les sea útil y siempre traten de evitar que tapice sino será más difícil la guerra contra está bacteria que llaman alga.
Autor: Mariano Ariel Rodríguez. - Argentina_ Chaco
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